Intellectual property refers to the legal rights granted to creators for their intellectual creations and the marks or goodwill associated with their business activities. In China, the primary categories of intellectual property include:

       1. Patent Rights

Grant exclusive rights to inventors for their inventions, utility models, or industrial designs for a specific period. These rights are characterized by exclusivity, temporality, and territoriality.

2. Trademark Rights

Include goods trademarks, service trademarks, collective trademarks, and certification marks, which distinguish the source of goods or services.

3. Copyright (Author's Rights)

Cover literary, artistic, and scientific works, such as books, music, films, software, databases, broadcasts, fine art, and photographs.

4. Trade Secrets

Refer to technical and business information that is not publicly known, can bring economic benefits, is practical, and is subject to confidentiality measures by the rights holder.

5. Integrated Circuit Layout Designs

Concern the three-dimensional configurations of integrated circuits containing at least one active element and their interconnections in whole or part.

6. Plant Variety Rights

Protect new plant varieties that are novel, distinct, uniform, stable, and applicable in industrial or forestry sectors, obtained through artificial breeding or the development of wild plant discoveries.

7. Geographical Indications

Indicate the specific geographical origin of products, where their quality, reputation, or other characteristics are primarily attributable to their geographical environment, including natural and human factors.

8. Industrial Design Rights

Protect new designs that are aesthetic and industrially applicable, including product shapes, patterns, colors, or combinations thereof.

9. Domain Name Rights

Refer to identifiers used to recognize and access computer services on the internet, including but not limited to top-level domains such as .com, .org, and .net.

10. Database Rights

Protect the selection or arrangement of database contents, which consist of collections of independent works, data, or other materials systematically or methodically arranged and accessible electronically or otherwise.

11. Neighboring Rights to Copyright

Include rights related to but independent of copyright, such as performers' rights, phonogram producers' rights, and broadcasting organizations' rights.

12. Trade Name Rights

Grant exclusive rights to businesses over their registered trade names (commercial names).

These intellectual property categories encompass a broad spectrum of creative and technical endeavors, safeguarding the rights of creators and rights holders, stimulating innovation, and driving cultural and technological advancement.